Battery assembly including structural foamed materials

ABSTRACT

A battery assembly according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a battery array and a foam shell that surrounds the battery array.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to a battery assembly for an electrifiedvehicle. The battery assembly includes a battery array, a foam shellpositioned around the battery array, and a barrier secured to the foamshell. The foam shell and barrier are configured to absorb impact energyand thermally insulate the battery array from external temperatures.

BACKGROUND

The need to reduce automotive fuel consumption and emissions is wellknown. Therefore, vehicles are being developed that either reduce orcompletely eliminate reliance on internal combustion engines.Electrified vehicles are one type of vehicle being developed for thispurpose. In general, electrified vehicles differ from conventional motorvehicles in that they are selectively driven by one or more batterypowered electric machines. Conventional motor vehicles, by contrast,rely exclusively on the internal combustion engine to drive the vehicle.

High voltage battery assemblies power the electric machines of anelectrified vehicle. The battery assemblies typically include multiplebattery arrays that include a plurality of battery cells and a supportstructure (i.e., end walls and sidewalls) that generally surrounds thebattery cells to build the battery array. The battery arrays aretypically packaged inside a sheet metal structure that includes a steeltray and a steel cover.

SUMMARY

A battery assembly according to an exemplary aspect of the presentdisclosure includes, among other things, a battery array and a foamshell that surrounds the battery array.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of the foregoing assembly, the foamshell is made of polypropylene or polyethylene.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of either of the foregoingassemblies, a barrier is secured to the foam shell.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the barrier is made of polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, high densitypolyethylene, or polypropylene.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the barrier includes a service cover that is removable from the barrierto access an electronic component of the battery assembly.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,edges of the barrier are curved.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the barrier includes a plurality of straps that extend around the foamshell to secure the foam shell around the battery array.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,an inner surface of the barrier includes ribbing.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the barrier includes inwardly protruding walls that establish a ventconduit around a battery cell vent.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the foam shell includes a first foam section and a second foam sectionnestled against the first foam section.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,a foam material is provided in a space between the battery array and thefoam shell.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the foam shell houses an electronic component of the battery assembly.The electronic component is housed in a different compartment of thefoam shell than the battery array.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,a second battery array is adjacent to the battery array. The foam shellhouses both the battery array and the second battery array.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,a strap extends around a barrier and the foam shell.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing assemblies,the strap includes a closed loop and extensions attached to the closedloop.

A method according to another exemplary aspect of the present disclosureincludes, among other things, housing a battery array within a foamshell and securing a barrier to the foam shell.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of the foregoing method, the methodincludes injecting a foam material between the foam shell and thebattery array.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of either of the foregoing methods,the housing step includes positioning the battery array on a tray of thefoam shell and nestling a cover of the foam shell against the tray.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods,the securing step includes positioning a plurality of straps of thebarrier around the foam shell to secure the foam shell around thebattery array.

In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods,the method includes positioning a strap around the barrier and the foamshell, and securing the strap to a vehicle body.

The embodiments, examples and alternatives of the preceding paragraphs,the claims, or the following description and drawings, including any oftheir various aspects or respective individual features, may be takenindependently or in any combination. Features described in connectionwith one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless suchfeatures are incompatible.

The various features and advantages of this disclosure will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can bebriefly described as follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a powertrain of an electrified vehicle.

FIG. 2 illustrates a battery assembly of an electrified vehicle.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the battery assembly ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates a barrier of a battery assembly.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a battery assemblyaccording to another embodiment of this disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a battery assembly according to yet anotherembodiment of this disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the battery assembly ofFIG. 6.

FIG. 8 illustrates a bottom perspective view of the battery assembly ofFIG. 6.

FIG. 9 illustrates strapping of a battery assembly.

FIG. 10 illustrates a tray portion of a foam shell of a batteryassembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure details a battery assembly for an electrified vehicle.The battery assembly may include a battery array housed within a foamshell and a barrier secured to the foam shell. In some embodiments, thefoam shell is a two-piece shell that includes a cover and a tray. Inother embodiments, the battery assembly includes a plurality of strapsto secure the assembly to a vehicle body. The exemplary batteryassemblies of this disclosure employ low weight support structures thatexhibit relatively high impact energy absorption and distribution andimproved thermal insulation. These and other features are discussed ingreater detail in the paragraphs that follow.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a powertrain 10 for an electrifiedvehicle 12. Although depicted as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), itshould be understood that the concepts described herein are not limitedto HEV's and could extend to other electrified vehicles, including, butnot limited to, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV's), batteryelectric vehicles (BEV's), and fuel cell vehicles.

In one embodiment, the powertrain 10 is a power-split powertrain systemthat employs a first drive system and a second drive system. The firstdrive system includes a combination of an engine 14 and a generator 18(i.e., a first electric machine). The second drive system includes atleast a motor 22 (i.e., a second electric machine), the generator 18,and a battery assembly 24. In this example, the second drive system isconsidered an electric drive system of the powertrain 10. The first andsecond drive systems generate torque to drive one or more sets ofvehicle drive wheels 28 of the electrified vehicle 12. Although apower-split configuration is shown, this disclosure extends to anyhybrid or electric vehicle including full hybrids, parallel hybrids,series hybrids, mild hybrids or micro hybrids.

The engine 14, which in one embodiment is an internal combustion engine,and the generator 18 may be connected through a power transfer unit 30,such as a planetary gear set. Of course, other types of power transferunits, including other gear sets and transmissions, may be used toconnect the engine 14 to the generator 18. In one non-limitingembodiment, the power transfer unit 30 is a planetary gear set thatincludes a ring gear 32, a sun gear 34, and a carrier assembly 36.

The generator 18 can be driven by the engine 14 through the powertransfer unit 30 to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy. Thegenerator 18 can alternatively function as a motor to convert electricalenergy into kinetic energy, thereby outputting torque to a shaft 38connected to the power transfer unit 30. Because the generator 18 isoperatively connected to the engine 14, the speed of the engine 14 canbe controlled by the generator 18.

The ring gear 32 of the power transfer unit 30 may be connected to ashaft 40, which is connected to vehicle drive wheels 28 through a secondpower transfer unit 44. The second power transfer unit 44 may include agear set having a plurality of gears 46. Other power transfer units mayalso be suitable. The gears 46 transfer torque from the engine 14 to adifferential 48 to ultimately provide traction to the vehicle drivewheels 28. The differential 48 may include a plurality of gears thatenable the transfer of torque to the vehicle drive wheels 28. In oneembodiment, the second power transfer unit 44 is mechanically coupled toan axle 50 through the differential 48 to distribute torque to thevehicle drive wheels 28.

The motor 22 can also be employed to drive the vehicle drive wheels 28by outputting torque to a shaft 52 that is also connected to the secondpower transfer unit 44. In one embodiment, the motor 22 and thegenerator 18 cooperate as part of a regenerative braking system in whichboth the motor 22 and the generator 18 can be employed as motors tooutput torque. For example, the motor 22 and the generator 18 can eachoutput electrical power to the battery assembly 24.

The battery assembly 24 is an example type of electrified vehiclebattery. The battery assembly 24 may include a high voltage tractionbattery pack that includes a plurality of battery arrays capable ofoutputting electrical power to operate the motor 22 and the generator18. Other types of energy storage devices and/or output devices can alsobe used to electrically power the electrified vehicle 12.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the electrified vehicle 12 has two basicoperating modes. The electrified vehicle 12 may operate in an ElectricVehicle (EV) mode where the motor 22 is used (generally withoutassistance from the engine 14) for vehicle propulsion, thereby depletingthe battery assembly 24 state of charge up to its maximum allowabledischarging rate under certain driving patterns/cycles. The EV mode isan example of a charge depleting mode of operation for the electrifiedvehicle 12. During EV mode, the state of charge of the battery assembly24 may increase in some circumstances, for example due to a period ofregenerative braking. The engine 14 is generally OFF under a default EVmode but could be operated as necessary based on a vehicle system stateor as permitted by the operator.

The electrified vehicle 12 may additionally operate in a Hybrid (HEV)mode in which the engine 14 and the motor 22 are both used for vehiclepropulsion. The HEV mode is an example of a charge sustaining mode ofoperation for the electrified vehicle 12. During the HEV mode, theelectrified vehicle 12 may reduce the motor 22 propulsion usage in orderto maintain the state of charge of the battery assembly 24 at a constantor approximately constant level by increasing the engine 14 propulsionusage. The electrified vehicle 12 may be operated in other operatingmodes in addition to the EV and HEV modes within the scope of thisdisclosure.

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a battery assembly 54 that can be incorporatedinto an electrified vehicle. For example, the battery assembly 54 couldbe employed within the electrified vehicle 12 of FIG. 1. The batteryassembly 54 includes a battery array 56 (see FIG. 3) for supplyingelectrical power to the components of an electrified vehicle. Although asingle battery array 56 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the batteryassembly 54 could include multiple battery arrays 56 within the scope ofthis disclosure (see, for example, FIGS. 5 and 7, discussed in greaterdetail below). In other words, this disclosure is not limited to thespecific configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

The battery array 56 includes a plurality of battery cells 58 that maybe stacked side-by-side along a span length L of the battery array 56(see FIG. 3). Although not shown, the battery cells 58 may beelectrically connected to one another using bus bar assemblies. In oneembodiment, the battery cells 58 are prismatic, lithium-ion cells.However, other battery cells, including but not limited to nickel metalhydride or lead acid cells, could alternatively be utilized within thescope of this disclosure.

The battery assembly 54 may additionally include a foam shell 60 and,optionally, a barrier 62. The foam shell 60 and the barrier 62 aresupport structures of the battery assembly 54. The foam shell 60 may bepositioned around the battery array 56 to house the battery cells 58. Inone embodiment, the foam shell 60 surrounds the battery array 56 suchthat the battery array 56 is housed inside the foam shell 60. The foamshell 60 may partially or entirely surround the battery array 56. Thebarrier 62 may be secured to the foam shell 60 to protect any surface ofthe battery array 56 that is exposed or not adequately protected by thefoam shell 60. In one embodiment, the barrier 62 extends substantiallyalong a top surface of the foam shell 60. In other embodiments, thebattery assembly 54 may completely exclude the barrier 62 (see, forexample, the embodiment of FIG. 7).

The foam shell 60 may be made of a structural, microcellular foammaterial. In this disclosure, the term “foam” refers to any materialcontaining numerous cells, intentionally introduced, interconnecting ornot, distributed throughout a mass. Non-limiting examples of suitablefoam materials include expanded polypropylene (EPP) or expandedpolyethylene (EPE, cross-linked or uncross-linked). In one embodiment,these materials may be used in either a steam chest molding process oran injection molding process to manufacture a foam shell 60 having anydesired shape.

In another non-limiting embodiment, the foam shell 60 is a two-pieceshell that includes a first foam section 64 and a second foam section66. The first foam section 64 may surround a first portion of thebattery array 56, whereas the second foam section 66 may surround asecond portion of the battery array 56. The first foam section 64 mayabut the second foam section 66 to generally surround the battery array56. In one embodiment, the first foam section 64 is configured as acover and the second foam section 66 is configured as a tray. Thebattery array 56 is positioned on top of the first foam section 64, andthe second foam section 66 is then positioned over the battery array 56.The barrier 62 is received against the first foam section 64, which inthis embodiment is configured as a cover.

The foam shell 60 may surround various additional components of thebattery assembly 54 in addition to the battery array 56. For example, asshown in FIG. 3, one or more electronic components 70 may be housedwithin the foam shell 60. The electronic components 70 may include oneor more of a battery electric control module (BECM), a bussed electricalcenter (BEC) and a service disconnect, among other components. In oneembodiment, the battery array 56 is positioned within a firstcompartment 72 of the foam shell 60, and one or more electroniccomponents 70 are housed within a second compartment 74 of the foamshell 60 that is separate from the first compartment 72. A wall 76 maydivide the first compartment 72 from the second compartment 74. The wall76 is a molded-in feature of the foam shell 60 and may electricallyinsulate the components housed in the first compartment 72 from thecomponents housed in the second compartment 74.

In another embodiment, portions of the battery assembly 54 may be foamedinto place to fixate these components within the foam shell 60. A foammaterial 78, such as polyurethane (PU), may be injected around theelectronic components 70 for fixation within the foam shell 60 oncecured. Foam material 78 may also be injected into spaces 80 that extendbetween the battery array 56 and the foam shell 60 for increasedstructural support. In one embodiment, the foam material 78 may be partof a foam-in-bag packaging that is easily removable if the battery array56 or electronic components 70 require servicing.

Portions of the foam shell 60 may be contoured to match a shape of avehicle body 68. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, a bottomsurface 69 of the second foam section 66 includes multiple recesses 71that receive protrusions 73 that extend upwardly from the vehicle body68. The vehicle body 68 is a floor pan of an electrified vehicle, in oneembodiment. The battery assembly 54 can be securely positioned andmounted to the vehicle body 68 by virtue of the matching contours.

The barrier 62 may be positioned over top of the foam shell 60. Thebarrier 62 provides additional protection to the components housedinside the foam shell 60 against impact events or puncture events due tosharp objects contacting the battery assembly 54. The barrier 62 may bemade of a plastic material. Non-limiting examples of suitable plasticmaterials include polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6), high densitypolyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), etc. In another embodiment, twoor more of plastic materials can be either co-injection molded orco-extruded into a multi-layer structure that forms the barrier 62. Inyet another embodiment, the barrier 62 can be made of a plastic materialthat is filled with reinforcements such as continuous or discontinuousglass or carbon fibers. In yet another embodiment, the barrier 62includes a sheet metal that is over-molded with a plastic material. Inyet another embodiment, the barrier 62 is made of metal, such as astamped steel or cast aluminum.

The barrier 62 may also include a service cover 82 that is removablefrom the barrier 62 to access one of the electronic components 70 of thebattery assembly 54. In one embodiment, the electronic component 70 is aservice disconnect. The service cover 82 may snap into an opening 83 ofthe barrier 62. The service cover 82 may be tethered to the barrier 62to avoid displacement after it is temporarily removed. If the servicecover 82 is not provided, the entire barrier 62 can be removed to accessthe electronic component(s) 70.

In another embodiment, a depression 85 is formed in the barrier 62 nearthe opening 83 (see FIG. 2). The depression 85 facilitates waterdrainage away from the service cover 82, and therefore away from thecomponents housed underneath the service cover 82. Edges 84 of thebarrier 62 may be curved to facilitate water drainage away from thebattery assembly 54. The edges 84 ensure that water does not pool atopthe barrier 62.

Referring now to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, retention legs 86 may protrudedownwardly from each corner 88 of the barrier 62. The retention legs 86may be molded-in features for retaining the battery assembly 54 to thevehicle body 68. In one non-limiting embodiment, the battery assembly 54can be bolted to the vehicle body 68 via openings 87 in the retentionlegs 86. The openings 87 may include reinforcements over molded orinserted into the retention legs 86.

The barrier 62 may further include an outer surface 90 and an innersurface 92. The inner surface 92 may include ribbing 94 that reinforcesthe barrier 62 (see FIG. 4). In one embodiment, the ribbing 94 ishoneycomb shaped. The ribbing 94 of the inner surface 92 may nestle intohoneycomb-shaped depressions on top of the foam shell 64 to resistmovement between the barrier 62 and the foam shell 60.

In another embodiment, the barrier 62 includes a plurality of straps 96that extend from opposing sides 95, 97 of the barrier 62. The pluralityof straps 96 may extend around the foam shell 60 to secure the firstfoam section 64 and the second foam section 66 around the battery array56. The straps 96A of the side 95 may be fastened to the straps 96B ofthe side 97 (see, for example, FIG. 4). The straps 96A, 96B can be tiedtogether using fasteners, clips, welding, adhesives, etc.

FIG. 5 illustrates another exemplary battery assembly 154. In thisdisclosure, like reference numbers designate like elements whereappropriate and reference numerals with the addition of 100 or multiplesthereof designate modified elements that are understood to incorporatethe same features and benefits of the corresponding original elements.

In this embodiment, the battery assembly 154 includes a first batteryarray 156A and a second battery array 156B that are surrounded by a foamshell 160. A barrier 162 is attached to the foam shell 160. Each batteryarray 156A, 156B includes battery cells 158. The battery cells 158include cell vents 159 that may expel vent gases G during someconditions. The cell vents 159 may be uncovered by the foam shell 160.The bather 162 may include walls 163 that extend inwardly from an innersurface 192. The walls 163 may extend into openings 165 of the foamshell 160. The openings 165 extend around the cell vents 159. The walls163 establish vent conduits 167 that direct the vent gases G to adesired location outside of an electrified vehicle during battery cell158 venting events.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate yet another exemplary battery assembly 254.The battery assembly 254 may include a foam shell 260 and a bather 262connected to the foam shell 260. Battery arrays 256 are housed insidethe foam shell 260 (see FIG. 7).

The battery assembly 254 may be secured to a vehicle body 268 (shown inFIG. 6) using one or more straps 298. In one non-limiting embodiment,the straps 298 are made of woven nylon webbing, such as used inseatbelts. However, other materials are also contemplated, including butnot limited to, continuous glass fiber tape, etc.

The straps 298 may be looped around the barrier 262 and the foam shell260 and then secured to the vehicle body 268 using metal clips 299 tosubstantially prevent lateral movement of the battery assembly 254. Inone embodiment, the straps 298 extend across an outer surface 290 of thebarrier 262, extend along sides 281 of the foam shell 260, and extendwithin grooves 275 formed in a bottom surface 269 of the foam shell 260(see FIGS. 6 and 8). The metal clips 299 are attached to the straps 298and may be anchored to the vehicle body 268 with fasteners 277 on bothsides of the battery assembly 254.

Referring primarily to FIG. 7, the foam shell 260 may include a cover264 and a tray 266 that nestle together to surround the battery arrays256. In one embodiment, the cover 264 and the tray 266 are gluedtogether to secure the foam shell 260 around the battery arrays 256. Thebarrier 262 is removed in FIG. 7 to better illustrate the foam shell260. In another embodiment, a heat exchanger 279, such as a cold plate,is positioned between the battery arrays 256 and the tray 266. The heatexchanger 279 functions to remove heat generated by the battery arrays256 during certain conditions, or alternatively to heat the batteryarrays 256 during other conditions.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary strap 298 that can be used to secure thebattery assembly 254 to the vehicle body 268 (such as shown in FIG. 7).The strap 298 may include a closed loop 201 and extensions 203 that areattached to the closed loop 201. In one embodiment, the extensions 203are sewn to the closed loop 201. The extensions 203 may be attached tothe closed loop 201 at locations that are inboard of edges 205 of theclosed loop 201. The extensions 203 include sleeves 207 that can receivemetal clips 299.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary tray 266 of the foam shell 260. Thetray 266 may include a plurality of molded-in walls 209. The walls 209establish a plurality of compartments 272 inside the tray 266. Differentcomponents of the battery assembly 254, including the battery arrays 256and electronic components 270, may be positioned within the compartments272. The walls 209 act as energy absorbing barriers to protect thesecomponents. In some embodiments, the tray 266 (and the cover 264 of FIG.7) can include channels formed through the molded-in walls 209 for theinclusion of cooling and electrical lines between the compartments 272.

Although the different non-limiting embodiments are illustrated ashaving specific components or steps, the embodiments of this disclosureare not limited to those particular combinations. It is possible to usesome of the components or features from any of the non-limitingembodiments in combination with features or components from any of theother non-limiting embodiments.

It should be understood that like reference numerals identifycorresponding or similar elements throughout the several drawings. Itshould be understood that although a particular component arrangement isdisclosed and illustrated in these exemplary embodiments, otherarrangements could also benefit from the teachings of this disclosure.

The foregoing description shall be interpreted as illustrative and notin any limiting sense. A worker of ordinary skill in the art wouldunderstand that certain modifications could come within the scope ofthis disclosure. For these reasons, the following claims should bestudied to determine the true scope and content of this disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A battery assembly, comprising: a battery array;and a foam shell that surrounds said battery array.
 2. The assembly asrecited in claim 1, wherein said foam shell is made of polypropylene orpolyethylene.
 3. The assembly as recited in claim 1, comprising abarrier secured to said foam shell.
 4. The assembly as recited in claim3, wherein said barrier is made of polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, highdensity polyethylene, or polypropylene.
 5. The assembly as recited inclaim 3, wherein said barrier includes a service cover that is removablefrom said barrier to access an electronic component of said batteryassembly.
 6. The assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein edges of saidbarrier are curved.
 7. The assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein saidbarrier includes a plurality of straps that extend around said foamshell to secure said foam shell around said battery array.
 8. Theassembly as recited in claim 3, wherein an inner surface of said barrierincludes ribbing.
 9. The assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein saidbarrier includes inwardly protruding walls that establish a vent conduitaround a battery cell vent.
 10. The assembly as recited in claim 1,wherein said foam shell includes a first foam section and a second foamsection nestled against said first foam section.
 11. The assembly asrecited in claim 1, comprising a foam material provided in a spacebetween said battery array and said foam shell.
 12. The assembly asrecited in claim 1, wherein said foam shell houses an electroniccomponent of said battery assembly, said electronic component housed ina different compartment of said foam shell than said battery array. 13.The assembly as recited in claim 1, comprising a second battery arrayadjacent to said battery array, and said foam shell houses both saidbattery array and said second battery array.
 14. The assembly as recitedin claim 1, comprising a strap that extends around a barrier and saidfoam shell.
 15. The assembly as recited in claim 14, wherein said strapincludes a closed loop and extensions attached to said closed loop. 16.A method, comprising: housing a battery array within a foam shell; andsecuring a barrier to the foam shell.
 17. The method as recited in claim16, comprising injecting a foam material between the foam shell and thebattery array.
 18. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein thehousing step includes positioning the battery array on a tray of thefoam shell and nestling a cover of the foam shell against the tray. 19.The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the securing step includespositioning a plurality of straps of the barrier around the foam shellto secure the foam shell around the battery array.
 20. The method asrecited in claim 16, comprising positioning a strap around the barrierand the foam shell, and securing the strap to a vehicle body.